MKE Streetcar: References

by John December / Updates/More Info: johndecember.com/mke

Works consulted and/or cited

• Ahlfeldt, Gabriel M. and Pietrostefani, Elisabetta. (2019). The Economic Effects of Density: A Synthesis. Journal of Urban Economics, Volume 111, 2019, Pages 93-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jue.2019.04.006

• American Public Transportation Association (APTA), "Public Transportation Fact Book," Retrieved April 1, 2022 from https://www.apta.com/research-technical-resources/transit-statistics/public-transportation-fact-book/

• American Public Transportation Association (APTA), "The Real Estate Mantra- Locate Near Public Transportation," Retrieved April 21, 2022 from https://www.apta.com/research-technical-resources/research-reports/the-real-estate-mantra-locate-near-public-transportation

• American Public Transportation Association, "APTA Ridership Trends," Retrieved February 24, 2022 from https://transitapp.com/apta

• American Public Transportation Association, "Benefits of Public Transportation," Retrieved March 6, 2021 from https://www.apta.com/research-technical-resources/transit-statistics/benefits-of-public-transportation/

• American Public Transportation Association, "Economic Impact Of Public Transportation Investment," Retrieved March 23, 2021 from https://www.apta.com/research-technical-resources/research-reports/economic-impact-of-public-transportation-investment/

• Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) National Network, 2018, "The ADA & Accessible Ground Transportation," Retrieved Febuary 24, 2022 from https://adata.org/factsheet/ADA-accessible-transportation

• Badalge, K. N., "Can a Light Rail Train Link a Divided City?" CityLab, February 14, 2019, Retrieved March 31, 2019 from https://www.citylab.com/life/2019/02/jerusalem-light-rail-train-israeli-palestinian-divisions/582718/

• Bauman, Robert J. (2022). "Developing Rail Transit the Hard Way: The Long and Tortured History of Milwaukee's Streetcar," Photos and Captions by Bill Becwar, First & Fastest, Summer 2022, pp. 20-31.

• Becwar, Bill. (2024). "Ride the "L"-- In Milwaukee!," First & Fastest, Spring 2024, pp. 10-17.

• Bell, Rhonda, "Understanding Streetcar Costs, Funding, Operations and Partnerships," August 2, 2017, Metro Magazine, Retrieved February 28, 2021 from https://www.metro-magazine.com/10002957/understanding-streetcar-costs-funding-operations-and-partnerships

• Berman, Jake. (2023). The Lost Subways of North America: A Cartographic Guide to the Past, Present, and What Might Have Been. University of Chicago Press.

• Biden, Joseph R. Jr., "Executive Order On Advancing Racial Equity and Support for Underserved Communities Through the Federal Government," January 20, 2021, The White House, Executive Order 13985, Retrieved March 23, 2021 from https://www.federalregister.gov/executive-order/13985

• Blumgart, Jake. (2022). Searching for Ways to Limit Induced Demand in a Car-Loving Society. Reducing congestion and its problems of pollution and carbon emissions won't be easy or cheap. But transportation experts continue to search for answers. Governing, March 7, 2022, https://www.governing.com/next/searching-for-ways-to-limit-induced-demand-in-a-car-loving-society

• Blumgart, Jake. (2022). Why the Concept of Induced Demand Is a Hard Sell: Both the public and policymakers have trouble understanding why building more roads and highways does not reduce congestion. Governing, February 28, 2022, https://www.governing.com/now/why-the-concept-of-induced-demand-is-a-hard-sell

• Boeing Center, The. (2017, June 29). "Industry 4.0 A Brief History" [Video File]. Retrieved March 30, 2019 from https://youtu.be/JCswJIdVoXk

• Booth, Ashley, "Battery tech advances drive new approach to streetcar, bus projects," February 26, 2019, Metro Magazine, Retrieved February 26, 2021 from https://www.metro-magazine.com/technology/article/733002/battery-tech-advances-drive-new-project-approach

• Boyes, H., Hallaq, B., Cunningham, J. & Watson, T. (2018). The industrial internet of things (IIoT): An analysis framework. Computers in Industry, Volume 101, October 2018, Pages 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compind.2018.04.015

• Brooks, Leah & Byron Lutz. (2019). Vestiges of Transit: Urban Persistence at a Microscale. The Review of Economics and Statistics (2019) 101 (3): 385-399. https://doi.org/10.1162/rest_a_00817

• Brookville Equipment Corporation. (2021). "Liberty Modern Streetcars," Retrieved February 26, 2021 from https://www.brookvillecorp.com/streetcar-modern.asp

• Brown, J., & Mendez, J. (2018). Examining the Development Effects of Modern-Era Streetcars: An Assessment of Portland and Seattle. San Jose, California: Mineta Transportation Institute.

• Brown, J., Nixon, H., & Ramos-Santiago, L. (2015). The Purpose, Function, and Performance of Streetcar Transit in the Modern U.S. City: A Multiple-Case-Study Investigation. San Jose, California: Mineta Transportation Institute.

• Buchanan, M. (2019). The benefits of public transport. Nat. Phys. 15, 876. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-019-0656-8

• Bureau of Transportation Statistics, "Average Cost of Owning and Operating an Automobile," Retrieved March 31, 2023 from https://www.bts.gov/content/average-cost-owning-and-operating-automobilea-assuming-15000-vehicle-miles-year

• Bureau of Transportation Statistics, "COVID-19 Related Transportation Statistics," March 15, 2022, Retrieved March 31, 2023 from https://www.bts.gov/covid-19

• Bureau of Transportation Statistics, "The Week in Transportation," Retrieved March 31, 2023 from https://www.bts.gov/covid-19/week-in-transportation

• Canfield, J. M. (1972). TM, the Milwaukee Electric Railway & Light Company. Chicago: Central Electric Railfans Association.

• Capasso Da Silva, Denise, David A. King, and Shea Lemar. (2020). Accessibility in Practice: 20-Minute City as a Sustainability Planning Goal, Sustainability 12, no. 1: 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12010129

• Center for Neighborhood Technology. "Advocating for TOD (Transit-oriented development)," Retrieved April 21, 2022 from https://cnt.org/advocating-for-tod

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2024). "CDC’s Global Impact: Responding to COVID-19 Around the World," Retrieved April 2, 2024 from https://www.cdc.gov/globalhealth/covid-19

• Chang, Gang-Len & Franz, Mark & Liu, Yue & Lu, Yang & Tao, Ruihua. (2013). Design and Evaluation of an Intelligent Dilemma-Zone Protection System for a High-Speed Rural Intersection. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2356. 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3141/2356-01

• Cheng, Yao & Xianfeng Yang. (2017). Signal Coordination Model for Local Arterial with Heavy Bus Flows. Journal of Intelligent Transportation Systems. https://doi.org/10.1080/15472450.2017.1394191

• Cieslewicz, Dave, "Civic envy: Milwaukee has eclipsed Madison in two big ways," December 5, 2019, Isthmus, Retrieved March 6, 2021 from https://isthmus.com/news/cover-story/milwaukee-has-eclipsed-madison-in-two-big-ways/

• City of Kansas City, Missouri. "KC Streetcar - Ride KC | Free to Ride - Public Transportation System." https://kcstreetcar.org

• City of Kansas City, Missouri. "KCMO = the world's most connected Smart City," Retrieved October 21, 2018 from http://kcmo.gov/smartcity

• City of Kansas City, Missouri. Beyond Traffic: The Smart City Challenge Phase 2 Application, May 24, 2016, Retrieved October 22, 2018 from https://www.transportation.gov/policy-initiatives/smartcity/smart-city-challenge-kansas-city-mo-final-application

• City of Milwaukee, "City and Potawatomi strike 12-year, $10 million streetcar presenting sponsorship agreement, includes free rides for the first 12 months," Urban Milwaukee, October 6, 2017, Retrieved March 31, 2019 from https://urbanmilwaukee.com/pressrelease/city-and-potawatomi-strike-12-year-10-million-streetcar-presenting-sponsorship-agreement-includes-free-rides-for-the-first-12-months/

• City of Milwaukee, "Department of City Development," Retrieved April 20, 2023 from https://city.milwaukee.gov/DCD

• City of Milwaukee, "Environmental Collaboration Office (ECO)," Retrieved April 9, 2022 from https://city.milwaukee.gov/eco

• City of Milwaukee, "Equitable Growth Through Transit-Oriented Development: A Neighborhood Plan for Historic Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. Drive," Retrieved April 20, 2023 from https://city.milwaukee.gov/DCD/Planning/PlansStudies/Plans/MovingMKEForward

• City of Milwaukee, "Equitable Growth Through Transit-Oriented Development: A Neighborhood Plan for Walker's Point," Retrieved April 20, 2023 from https://city.milwaukee.gov/DCD/Planning/PlansStudies/Plans/MovingMKEForward

• City of Milwaukee, "Milwaukee Pedestrian Plan," Retrieved March 31, 2019 from https://city.milwaukee.gov/mpw/infrastructure/Walk-Milwaukee/Milwaukee-Pedestrian-Plan1.htm

• City of Milwaukee, "Office of Equity and Inclusion," Retrieved April 8, 2022 from https://city.milwaukee.gov/Equity-and-Inclusion

• City of Milwaukee, Department of City Development. (2018). "A Place in the Neighborhood: An Anti-Displacement Plan for Neighborhoods Surrounding Downtown Milwaukee," https://city.milwaukee.gov/DCD/Planning/PlansStudies/Plans/Anti-DisplacementPlan

• City of Portland Bureau of Transportation. Connected Streetcar Project. Retrieved March 3, 2021 from https://www.portlandoregon.gov/transportation/article/691671

• City of Portland Bureau of Transportation. Portland Streetcar: Strategic Plan 2015-2020. Retrieved March 3, 2021 from https://www.portlandoregon.gov/transportation/article/573729

• Colin Buchanan and Partners. (2008). The economic impact of high density development and tall buildings in central business districts. London: British Property Federation.

• Collier, C. "Kansas City is already ahead in smart city innovation. Here's how it can push further," The Kansas City Star, February 8, 2018, Retrieved October 21, 2018 from https://www.kansascity.com/opinion/readers-opinion/guest-commentary/article199154749.html

• Crowe, Cailin, Ed. (2022). TRENDLINE: Parking & Curb Management. Smart Cities Dive, Retrieved March 31, 2022 from https://www.smartcitiesdive.com/trendline/parking-curb-management/145/

• Davis, Veronica. (2023). Inclusive Transportation: A Manifesto for Repairing Divided Communities. Island Press.

• December, John. "MKE Streetcar: Notable Buildings," Retrieved March 31, 2019 from https://johndecember.com/places/mke/streetcar/buildings.html

• Desmond, Matthew. (2016). Evicted: Poverty and Profit in the American City. Crown.

• Diciaula, Joshua. (2019). Transit-Oriented Development and the Implications for Equitable Development: A Case Study of the Milwaukee Streetcar. Theses and Dissertations, University of Wisconsin--Milwaukee. 2174. https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/2174

• Donggyun Ku et al. (2021). Safe traveling in public transport amid COVID-19. Science Advances, Vol 7, Issue 43. https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/sciadv.abg3691

• Duany, Andres, Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck. (2000). Suburban Nation: The Rise of Sprawl and the Decline of the American Dream. North Point Press.

• Dutzik, Tony, Gideon Weissman, and Phineas Baxandall. (2015). Who Pays for Roads? How the 'Users Pay' Myth Gets in the Way of Solving America's Transportation Problems," CoPIRG Foundation, Retrieved March 27, 2021 from https://copirgfoundation.org/reports/cof/who-pays-roads

• Ewing, R., Kim, K., Sabouri, S., Siddiq, F., & Weinberger, R. (2021). Comparative Case Studies of Parking Reduction at Transit-Oriented Developments in the U.S.A. Transportation Research Record, 2675(1), 125–135. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198120965558

• Ezell, Kyle. (2004). Get Urban!: The Complete Guide to City Living. Capital Ideas.

• Fain, William H., Jr. (2012). If Cars Could Talk: Essays on Urbanism. Balcony Press.

• Federal Transit Administration. "Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964," Retrieved March 25, 2021 from https://www.transit.dot.gov/title6

• Federal Transit Administration. "TOD Foundational Research," Retrieved February 23, 2021 from https://www.transit.dot.gov/funding/funding-finance-resources/transit-oriented-development/tod-research-publications

• Fitzgerald, Joan. "Liberating Cities from Cars: Examining models of progress toward restrictions on the use and storage of automobiles from urban areas around the world," July 20, 2020, Planetizen.com, Retrieved March 27, 2021 from https://www.planetizen.com/blogs/109934-liberating-cities-cars

• Florida, Richard. (2017). The New Urban Crisis: How Our Cities Are Increasing Inequality, Deepening Segregation, and Failing the Middle Class-and What We Can Do About It. Basic Books.

• Florida, Richard. (2019). "The Real Powerhouses That Drive the World's Economy--It's not nation states or even cities, but mega-regions--combinations of multiple metro areas--that are the real forces powering the global economy," Bloomberg CityLab, February 28, 2019. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-02-28/mapping-the-mega-regions-powering-the-world-s-economy

• Frailey, F. "The danger train travel can't banish," CNN, May 14, 2015, Retrieved March 30, 2019 from https://www.cnn.com/2015/05/14/opinions/frailey-train-amtrak/index.html

• Friends of the Brooklyn Queens Connector, "Brooklyn Queens Connector," Retrieved April 3, 2019 from http://www.bqx.nyc

• Gössling, Stefan, Jessica Kees, and Todd Litman. (2022). The lifetime cost of driving a car. Ecological Economics, Volume 194, 107335, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2021.107335.

• Gallagher, Leigh. (2013). The End of the Suburbs: Where the American Dream Is Moving. Portfolio.

• Geospatial World. (2019, January 9). "What is Digital Twin? How does it work?" [Video File]. Retrieved March 30, 2019 from https://youtu.be/iVS-AuSjpOQ

• Glaeser, Edward L. (2011). Triumph of the City: How Our Greatest Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier. Penguin.

• Golden, H. "Alongside New Light Rail Stations, Seattle Plans Affordable Housing," CityLab, January 29, 2019, Retrieved March 31, 2019 from https://www.citylab.com/transportation/2019/01/link-light-rail-affordable-capitol-hill-housing-seattle/581296

• Gordon, I., & Whitehead, C. (2016). Why else is density important? London Plan Density Research Project 5. London: London School of Economics.

• Gore, Lauren, "For Transportation Infrastructure, Look to Cities to Do It Right," Governing, March 11, 2021, Retrieved March 28, 2021 from https://www.governing.com/community/For-Transportation-Infrastructure-Look-to-Cities-to-Do-It-Right.html

• Grabar, Henry. (2023). Paved Paradise: How Parking Explains the World. Penguin.

• Gray, Nolan M. (2022). Arbitrary Lines: How Zoning Broke the American City and How to Fix it. Island Press.

• Gurda, John. (1999). The Making of Milwaukee. Milwaukee: Milwaukee County Historical Society.

• Handy, Susan. (2023). Shifting Gears: Toward a New Way of Thinking about Transportation. The MIT Press.

• He, Q., Rowangould, D., Karner, A., Palm, M., & LaRue, S. (2022). Covid-19 pandemic impacts on essential transit riders: Findings from a U.S. Survey. Transportation research. Part D, Transport and environment, 105, 103217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trd.2022.103217

• Henry, Lyndon. (2012). Rapid Streetcar concept gaining ground, Railway Age, July 26, 2012, retrieved April 15, 2022 from https://www.railwayage.com/news/rapid-streetcar-concept-gaining-ground/

• Hensher, David A. (2020). "Chapter 28 - How well does BRT perform in contrast to LRT? An Australian case study," in Bus Transport: Demand, Economics, Contracting, and Policy, edited by David A. Hensher. Pages 365-381. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-820132-9.00028-5

• Hirschhorn, Joel S. (2005). Sprawl Kills: How Blandburbs Steal Your Time, Health, and Money. Sterling & Ross Publishers.

• Hiss, T. (1991). The Experience of Place. Vintage Books.

• HNTB. "How the modern version reinvigorates urban corridors," Retrieved March 30, 2019 from http://www.hntb.com/ThoughtLeadership/Insights/Streetcars-re-emerge-as-economic-development-tools

• IBM Watson Internet of Things. (2017, June 27). "Introduction to Digital Twin: Simple, but detailed" [Video File]. Retrieved March 30, 2019 from https://youtu.be/RaOejcczPas

• Institute for Transportation & Development Policy (ITDP). (2024). "The BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) Standard," https://itdp.org/publication/the-brt-standard/

• Islam, Tarikul & Vu, Hai & Hoang, Nam. (2018). A linear bus rapid transit with transit signal priority formulation. Transportation Research Part E Logistics and Transportation Review. 114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tre.2018.03.009

• Jacobs, Jane. (1961). The Death and Life of Great American Cities. Random House.

• Jacobs, Jane. (2004). Dark Age Ahead. New York: Random House.

• Ji, Yuxiong, Yu Tang, Wei Wang, and Yuchuan Du. (2018). Tram-Oriented Traffic Signal Timing Resynchronization, Journal of Advanced Transportation, vol. 2018, Article ID 8796250, 13 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8796250

• jseattle, "Seattle cuts parking requirements near transit, 'unbundles' costs for carless tenants in new buildings," Retrieved March 31, 2019 from http://www.capitolhillseattle.com/2018/04/seattle-cuts-parking-requirements-near-transit-unbundles-costs-for-carless-tenants-in-new-buildings/

• Kansas City Streetcar Authority, KC Streetcar, Retrieved January 25, 2019 from http://kcstreetcar.org

• Katz, Cheryl. (2020, June 1). "The Pandemic Has Taken Cars Off Urban Streets. Will It Last?," YaleEnvironment360. Retrieved March 5, 2021 from https://e360.yale.edu/features/the-pandemic-has-taken-cars-off-urban-streets.-will-it-last

• Kay, Jane Holtz. (1997). Asphalt Nation: How the Automobile Took over America, and How We Can Take It Back. University of California Press.

• Kenworthy, Jeffrey R. (2017). "Is Automobile Dependence in Emerging Cities an Irresistible Force? Perspectives from São Paulo, Taipei, Prague, Mumbai, Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou" Sustainability 9, no. 11: 1953. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9111953

• Kimble, Megan. (2024). City Limits: Infrastructure, Inequality, and the Future of America's Highways. Crown.

• King, D., & Fischer, L. A. (2016). Streetcar projects as spatial planning: A shift in transport planning in the United States. New York: University Transportation Research Center. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.02.005

• Klinkenberg, Kevin. (2014). Why I Walk: Taking a Step in the Right Direction. New Society Publishers.

• Knowles, Daniel. (2023). Carmageddon: How Cars Make Life Worse and What to Do About It. Abrams Press.

• Koziol, M. "MWC Barcelona 2019: 5G Isn't About the Smartphone," IEEE Spectrum, March 6, 2019, Retrieved March 30, 2019 from https://spectrum.ieee.org/telecom/wireless/mwc-barcelona-2019-5g-isnt-about-the-smartphone

• Kunstler, James Howard. (1993). The Geography Of Nowhere: The Rise And Decline of America's Man-Made Landscape. Simon & Schuster.

• Kunzig, R. "To build the cities of the future, we must get out of our cars," National Geographic, April 2019.

• Kuss, Paula and Kimberly A. Nicholas. (2022). A dozen effective interventions to reduce car use in European cities: Lessons learned from a meta-analysis and Transition Management, Case Studies on Transport Policy, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2022.02.001

• Langdon, Philip. (2017). Within Walking Distance: Creating Livable Communities for All. Washington, DC: Island Press.

• Le Quéré, C., Jackson, R.B., Jones, M.W. et al. (2020). Temporary reduction in daily global CO2 emissions during the COVID-19 forced confinement. Nat. Clim. Chang. 10, 647653. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0797-x

• Leinberger, Christopher B. (2008). The Option of Urbanism: Investing in a New American Dream. Island Press.

• Leong, Jeanne, "Study shows autonomous vehicles can help improve traffic flow," February 20, 2018, Phys.org, Retrieved March 18, 2021 from https://phys.org/news/2018-02-autonomous-vehicles-traffic.html

• Li, Meng & Yin, Yafeng & Zhang, Wei-Bin & Zhou, Kun & Nakamura, Hideki. (2011). Modeling and Implementation of Adaptive Transit Signal Priority on Actuated Control Systems. Comp.-Aided Civil and Infrastruct. Engineering. 26. 270-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8667.2010.00677.x

• Li, Y. (2008). Transit signal priority research tools. [Washington, DC], Federal Transit Administration, Retrieved February 27, 2021 from https://nacto.org/docs/usdg/transit_signal_priority_research_tools_caltrans.pdf

• Litman, Todd. (2021, 1 September). Rail Transit In America: A Comprehensive Evaluation of Benefits. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Retrieved May 24, 2022 from https://vtpi.org/railben.pdf

• Litman, Todd. (2022, 15 April). Evaluating public transit benefits and costs: best practices guidebook. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Retrieved May 24, 2022 from https://vtpi.org/tranben.pdf

• Litman, Todd. (2023, 20 November). Parking Requirement Impacts on Housing Affordability: The Costs of Residential Parking Mandates and Benefits of Reforms. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Retrieved November 20, 2023 from https://vtpi.org/park-hou.pdf

• Litman, Todd. (2023, 30 June). Generated Traffic and Induced Travel: Implications for Transport Planning. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Retrieved August 30, 2023 from https://www.vtpi.org/gentraf.pdf

• Litman, Todd. (2024). "Responding to Public Transit Criticism," Planetizen, March 5, 2024, https://www.planetizen.com/blogs/127714-responding-public-transit-criticism

• Litman, Todd. (2024). Evaluating Transportation Affordability How Planning Can Better Respond to Demands for Lower Cost Travel. Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Retrieved November 23, 2024 from https://vtpi.org/affordability.pdf

• Liu, Xiaoyue Cathy & Zhang, Guohui & Kwan, Carmen & Wang, Y & K. Kemper, Brian. (2013). Simulation-Based, Scenario-Driven Integrated Corridor Management Strategy Analysis. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2396. 38-44. https://doi.org/10.3141/2396-05

• Liu, Ying, Nan Zou, & Gang-len Chang. (2005). An integrated emergency evacuation system for real-time operations - A case study of Ocean City, Maryland under hurricane attacks. IEEE Conference on Intelligent Transportation Systems, Proceedings, ITSC. 2005. 464 - 469. https://doi.org/10.1109/ITSC.2005.1520061

• Liu, Ying, Xiaorong Lai, Gang-Len Chang. (2006). Two-Level Integrated Optimization System for Planning of Emergency Evacuation. Journal of Transportation Engineering-ASCE. 132. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2006)132:10(800)

• Liu, Yue & Gang-Len Chang. (2011). An arterial signal optimization model for intersections experiencing queue spillback and lane blockage. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies. 19. 130-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trc.2010.04.005

• Liu, Yue, Gang-Len Chang, Ying Liu & Xiaorong Lai. (2008). Corridor-Based Emergency Evacuation System for Washington, D.C.: System Development and Case Study. Transportation Research Record. 2041. 58-67. https://doi.org/10.3141/2041-07

• Liu, Yue, Peng Li, Kevin Wehner, & Jie Yu. (2013). A Generalized Integrated Corridor Diversion Control Model for Freeway Incident Management. Computer-Aided Civil and Infrastructure Engineering. 28. https://doi.org/10.1111/mice.12024

• Ma, Tianyi & Motta, Gianmario & Liu, Kaixu. (2017). Delivering Real-Time Information Services on Public Transit: A Framework. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems. PP. 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2017.2656387

• Magrino, N. "What Happens When You Ease Parking Requirements for New Housing," Retrieved March 31, 2019 from https://www.nickmagrino.com/blog/2018/1/30/when-you-dont-have-to-build-so-much-parking

• Mallach, Alan. (2018). The Divided City: Poverty and Prosperity in Urban America. Island Press.

• Mallett, William J., "Federal Support for Streetcars: Frequently Asked Questions," April 3, 2014; Washington D.C..(digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc306475/: accessed January 27, 2019), University of North Texas Libraries.

• Marohn, Charles L., Jr. (2020). Strong Towns: a Bottom-up Revolution to Rebuild American Prosperity. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

• Marohn, Charles L., Jr. (2021). Confessions of a Recovering Engineer: Transportation for a Strong Town. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

• Marohn, Charles L., Jr. and Daniel Herriges. (2024). Escaping the Housing Trap: The Strong Towns Response to the Housing Crisis 1st Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

• Marshall, Alex. (2000). How Cities Work: Suburbs, Sprawl, and the Roads not Taken. Austin: University of Texas Press.

• Marshall, Wes. (2024). Killed by a Traffic Engineer: Shattering the Delusion that Science Underlies our Transportation System. Island Press.

• Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. (2016). "Introduction to the MBTA Walksheds Atlas," Retrieved February 27, 2021 from http://www.mbtabackontrack.com/blog/57-introduction-to-the-mbta-walksheds-atlas

• Mayer, Jane. (2017). Dark Money. Anchor.

• McCunney, Tricia, "Streetcars Making a Resurgence in the U.S.," October 14, 2014, Metro Magazine, Retrieved January 29, 2019 from http://www.metro-magazine.com/management-operations/news/292566/streetcars-making-a-resurgence-in-the-u-s

• Mendez, J., & Brown, J. R. (2019). The Relationship between Streetcars and Development Activity: An Examination of Portland and Seattle. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. https://doi.org/10.1177/0361198119825647

• Mepham, David. (2024). Rethinking Parking: Planning and Urban Design Perspectives. Routledge.

• Merck, Amanda, "6 Challenges to Health Equity Facing Our Transportation System," February 3, 2020, Salud America! Retrieved April 9, 2022 from https://salud-america.org/6-challenges-to-health-equity-facing-our-transportation-system

• Merlin, Louis A. & Singer, Matan & Levine, Jonathan. (2021). "Influences on transit ridership and transit accessibility in US urban areas," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 63-73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.04.014

• Milwaukee Community Land Trust, Ltd. "Milwaukee Community Land Trust--Affordable housing for everyone, forever," Retrieved April 24, 2022 from https://www.milwaukeeclt.org/

• Milwaukee County Transit System, "Fares & Passes," Retrieved March 31, 2019 from http://www.ridemcts.com/fares-passes

• Milwaukee County, April 17, 2020, "Achieving Racial Equity and Health," County Code of General Ordinances, Ordinance No. 20-4, Retrieved March 18, 2021 from https://library.municode.com/wi/milwaukee_county/ordinances/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=1019977

• Milwaukee Downtown BID #21. MKE Streetcar Development & Investment Guide, Retrieved October 21, 2018 from https://thehopmke.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/DMK23532_2017MKE_Streetcar_Fnl2.pdf

• Milwaukee School of Engineering, "Diercks Hall," Retrieved April 3, 2019 from https://www.msoe.edu/diercks-hall

• Miner, Patrick, Barbara M. Smith, Anant Jani, Geraldine McNeill, Alfred Gathorne-Hardy. (2024). Car harm: A global review of automobility's harm to people and the environment, Journal of Transport Geography, Volume 115, 2024, 103817, ISSN 0966-6923, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2024.103817

• Moreno, Carlos. (2024). The 15-Minute City: A Solution to Saving Our Time and Our Planet. Wiley.

• Morris, John. "Why the Modern American Streetcar is the Wheelchair Accessible Transportation We Need," March 26, 2021. Retrieved April 29, 2022 from https://wheelchairtravel.org/new-streetcar-systems-expanding-wheelchair-accessible-transport-united-states/

• Moving Milwaukee Forward, Retrieved January 25, 2019 from http://www.movingmkeforward.com

• Naegeli, Lorenzo, Ulrich Weidmann, & Andrew Nash. (2012). Checklist for Successful Application of Tram-Train Systems in Europe. Transportation Research Record. 2012;2275(1):39-48. https://doi.org/10.3141/2275-05

• National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2010). Relationships Between Streetcars and the Built Environment. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/14422

• National Association of City Transportation Officials (NACTO). Transit Street Design Guide. Retrieved April 24, 2022 from https://nacto.org/publication/transit-street-design-guide/

• National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, US Department of Transportation, https://www.nhtsa.gov/

• Neff, John. (2015). Public Transportation Investment Background Data. American Public Transportation Association, 2015, 36p, Retrieved January 28, 2019 from https://www.apta.com/resources/reportsandpublications/Documents/Public-Transportation-Investment-Background-Data.pdf

• Newman, P., & Kenworthy, J. (2021). Gasoline Consumption and Cities Revisited: What Have We Learnt? Current Urban Studies, 9, 532-553. https://doi.org/10.4236/cus.2021.93032

• Newman, P., Kenworthy, J., & Glazebrook, G. (2013). Peak Car Use and the Rise of Global Rail: Why This Is Happening and What It Means for Large and Small Cities. Journal of Transportation Technologies, 3, 272-287. https://doi.org/10.4236/jtts.2013.34029

• Newman, P., L. Kosonen, and J. Kenworthy. (2016). "Theory of urban fabrics: Planning the walking, transit/public transport and automobile/motor car cities for reduced car dependency." Town Planning Review 87 (4): 429-458. Retrieved March 29, 2024 from http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/11247

• Newman, Peter and Jeffrey Kenworthy. (2015). The End of Automobile Dependence: How Cities are Moving Beyond Car-Based Planning. Island Press.

• Newman, Peter and Jeffrey R. Kenworthy (1999). Sustainability and cities: overcoming automobile dependence. Island Press.

• Newman, Peter, Sebastian Davies-Slate, Evan Jones. (2018). The Entrepreneur Rail Model: Funding urban rail through majority private investment in urban regeneration, Research in Transportation Economics, Volume 67, 2018, Pages 19-28, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.retrec.2017.04.005

• Nguyen-Phuoc DQ, Currie G, De Gruyter C, Young W. (2017). Net Impacts of Streetcar Operations on Traffic Congestion in Melbourne, Australia. Transportation Research Record. 2648(1):1-9. https://doi.org/10.3141/2648-01

• Nguyen, Paula. (2017). Determining the Factors that Influence the Odds and Time to Streetcar Bunching Incidents. Master's Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Toronto. Retrieved March 7, 2021 from http://hdl.handle.net/1807/79150

• Nicholas, Kimberly. (2022). 12 best ways to get cars out of cities--ranked by new research. The Conversation, April 14, 2022. https://theconversation.com/12-best-ways-to-get-cars-out-of-cities-ranked-by-new-research-180642

• Niemuth, Niles William. (2014). Urban Renewal and the Development of Milwaukee's African American Community: 1960-1980. Theses and Dissertations, University of Wisconsin--Milwaukee. 416. Retrieved March 18, 2021 from https://dc.uwm.edu/etd/416

• Nightingale, Carl Husemoller. (2022). Earthopolis: a Biography of Our Urban Planet. Cambridge University Press.

• Noland, R. B., Ozbay, K., DiPetrillo S., & Iyer, S. (2014). Measuring Benefits of Transit Oriented Development. Mineta National Transit Research Cosortium, Alan M. Voorhees Transportation Center, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Retrieved March 31, 2019 from http://transweb.sjsu.edu/mntrc/research/Measuring-Benefits-Transit-Oriented-Development

• Nordahl, D. (2008). My Kind of Transit: Rethinking Public Transportation in America. Center for American Places at Columbia College Chicago.

• Norquist, John O. (1998). The Wealth of Cities: Revitalizing the Centers of American Life. Basic Books.

• Norton, Peter D. (2008). Fighting Traffic: the Dawn of the Motor Age in the American City. MIT Press.

• Norton, Peter D. (2021). Autonorama: The Illusory Promise of High-tech Driving. Island Press.

• Onyeaka, H., Anumudu, C. K., Al-Sharify, Z. T., Egele-Godswill, E., & Mbaegbu, P. (2021). COVID-19 pandemic: A review of the global lockdown and its far-reaching effects. Science progress, 104(2), 368504211019854.https://doi.org/10.1177/00368504211019854

• Orum, Anthony M. (1995). City-Building In America. Routledge.

• Owano, Nancy. "5G demo is carried out on moving train in Japan," December 4, 2017, Tech Xplore, Retrieved October 21, 2018 from https://techxplore.com/news/2017-12-5g-demo-japan.html

• Owen, David. (2009). Green Metropolis: Why Living Smaller, Living Closer, and Driving Less are the Keys to Sustainability. Riverhead.

• Parker, Madeleine E.G., Meiqing Li, Mohamed Amine Bouzaghrane, Hassan Obeid, Drake Hayes, Karen Trapenberg Frick, Daniel A. Rodríguez, Raja Sengupta, Joan Walker, and Daniel G. Chatman. (2021). Public transit use in the United States in the era of COVID-19: Transit riders' travel behavior in the COVID-19 impact and recovery period, Transport Policy, Volume 111, 2021, Pages 53-62, ISSN 0967-070X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.07.005

• PedShet.net. "What is a ped shed?" Retrieved February 27, 2021 from https://pedshed.net/?page_id=5

• Peterson, Lynn with Elizabeth Doerr. (2022). Roadways for People: Rethinking Transportation Planning and Engineering. Island Press.

• Pitstick, Mark E. (2018). "Regional Transit Signal Priority (TSP) Implementation Program," RTAChicago, Retrieved January 29, 2019 from https://www.cmap.illinois.gov/documents/10180/836987/RTA+TSP+for+ATTF+and+RTOC+Committee+22+March+2018+revised.pdf/9f9224e5-96d3-86fe-d53a-794bec9b79e3

• Planetizen, "Car-Centric Planning," Planopedia, Retrieved April 15, 2022 from https://www.planetizen.com/definition/car-centric-planning

• Powder, Jackie. (2020, Fall). "For Blacks and Other Minorities, Transportation Inequities Often Keep Opportunities Out of Reach," Hopkins Bloomberg Public Health, Retrieved February 27, 2021 from https://magazine.jhsph.edu/2020/blacks-and-other-minorities-transportation-inequities-often-keep-opportunities-out-reach

• Project for Public Spaces, "Technical Guidance on Road Diets," Retrieved March 29, 2021 from https://www.pps.org/article/technical-guidance-on-road-diets

• Qi, Y., J. Liu, T. Tao et al. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 on public transit ridership, International Journal of Transportation Science and Technology, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijtst.2021.11.003

• Ramos-Santiago, L. E., Brown, J. R., & Nixon, H. (2016). Streetcar Resurgence in the United States: Transit Strategy, Growth Machine Tactic, or Some of Both? Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. https://doi.org/10.3141/2540-04

• Reader, John. (2004). Cities. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.

• Reconnecting America, "Featured Topic: Streetcars," Retrieved March 31, 2019 from http://www.reconnectingamerica.org/resource-center/streetcars/

• Rees, J. (2016). Industrialization and Urbanization in the United States, 1880-1929. Oxford Research Encyclopedias. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.327

• Reid, B., "Robin Hood Energy wins multi-million pound contract to power Nottingham's tram network," NottinghamshireLive, March 18, 2019, Retrieved March 31, 2019 from https://www.nottinghampost.com/news/nottingham-news/robin-hood-energy-wins-multi-2658086

• Rizelioglu, Mehmet & Arslan, Turan. (2020). A Comparison of LRT with an Imaginary BRT System in Performance: Bursa Example. Case Studies on Transport Policy. 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cstp.2019.01.007

• Robinson, R. (2019). "Finland's 5G plans: 'We want to build world's smartest road,'" March 7, 2019, ZDNet, Retrieved March 30, 2019 from https://www.zdnet.com/article/finlands-5g-plans-we-want-to-build-worlds-smartest-road

• Rodrigue, Jean-Paul et al. (2020). The Geography of Transport Systems. Hofstra University, Department of Global Studies & Geography, https://transportgeography.org

• Rowlands, D. W. and Tracy Hadden Loh. (2023). "Ensuring the intertwined post-pandemic recoveries of downtowns and transit systems," Brookings Research, https://www.brookings.edu/articles/ensuring-the-intertwined-post-pandemic-recoveries-of-downtowns-and-transit-systems/

• Sadik-Khan, Janette, and Seth Solomonow. (2016). Streetfight: Handbook for an Urban Revolution. Viking.

• Schlickmann, Marcos Paulo & Luis Miguel Martínez, Jorge Pinho de Sousa. (2017). A tool for supporting the design of BRT and LRT services, Transportation Research Procedia, Volume 27, 2017, Pages 1171-1178, ISSN 2352-1465, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trpro.2017.12.101

• Schmitt, Angie. (2020). Right of Way: Race, Class, and the Silent Epidemic of Pedestrian Deaths in America. Island Press.

• Schneider Peragine, Kori. (2022). "A Housing Advocate's Perspective on how to Overcome Resistance and NIMBYism," video file, The Innovative Cities Lecture Series, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee School of Architecture & Urban Planning, April 6, 2022. https://uwm.edu/sarup/kori-schneider-peragine-2022-video/

• Schwartz, Sam. (2020). Public Transit and COVID-19 Pandemic: Global Research and Best Practices. Commissioned by the American Public Transportation Association with Sam Schwartz Consulting. Retrieved March 5, 2021 from https://www.apta.com/wp-content/uploads/APTA_Covid_Best_Practices_09.29.2020.pdf

• Shearer, Chad, Jennifer S. Vey, and Joanne Kim. (2019). Where jobs are concentrating and why it matters to cities and regions. The Brookings Institution, Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Center on Transformative Placemaking, Metropolitan Policy Program at Brookings. https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/2019.06_Bass-Center_Geography-of-jobs-report.pdf

• Short, Aaron, "There is Structural Racism in Transport: Report," December 18, 2019, Streetsblog USA, Retrieved March 18, 2021 from https://usa.streetsblog.org/2019/12/18/there-is-still-structural-racism-in-transportation-report/

• Shoup, Donald C. (2005). The High Cost of Free Parking. Chicago: Planners Press.

• Shoup, Donald C. (2011). The High Cost of Free Parking, Updated Edition. Chicago: Planners Press.

• Shoup, Donald C. (2018). Parking and the City. New York: Routledge.

• Shoup, Donald C. (2021). Pricing curb parking. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Volume 154, 2021, Pages 399-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tra.2021.04.012

• Singer, Andy. (2013). Why We Drive: The Past, Present, and Future of Automobiles in America. Microcosm Publishing.

• Smart Growth America. Complete Streets. Retrieved March 26, 2022 from https://smartgrowthamerica.org/what-are-complete-streets/

• Smart Growth America. Dangerous By Design. Retrieved March 26, 2022 from https://smartgrowthamerica.org/dangerous-by-design/

• Smart Growth America. The State of Transportation and Health Equity. Retrieved April 9, 2022 from https://smartgrowthamerica.org/resources/the-state-of-transportation-and-health-equity

• Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission. VISION 2050: A Regional Land Use And Transportation System Plan For Southeastern Wisconsin Summary, Retrieved October 21, 2018 from https://www.vision2050sewis.org/ and http://www.sewrpc.org/SEWRPCFiles/Vision2050/PlanSummaryDec2016.pdf

• Spieler, Christof, "Racism has shaped public transit, and it's riddled with inequities," August 24, 2020, Urban Edge, The Kinder Institute for Urban Research, Retrieved March 25, 2021 from https://kinder.rice.edu/urbanedge/2020/08/24/transportation-racism-has-shaped-public-transit-america-inequalities

• Spieler, Christof. (2018). Trains, Buses, People: An Opinionated Atlas of US Transit. Island Press.

• State Smart Transportation Initiative. (2018). Modernizing Mitigation: A Demand-Centered Approach. Retrieved March 31, 2019 from https://www.ssti.us/2018/09/modern-mitigation-a-demand-centered-approach-ssti-september-2018/

• Steuteville, Robert. (2022). "The cost of crashes is higher than congestion: Congestion costs drive highway expansion decisions, but these costs are dwarfed by the impact of automobile crashes. Comparing the two points to a better strategy than widening thoroughfares." Public Square, A CNU [Congress for the New Urbanism] Journal, April 29, 2022. Retrieved April 30, 2022 from https://www.cnu.org/publicsquare/2022/04/29/cost-crashes-higher-congestion

• Talen, Emily. (2013). Charter of the New Urbanism. Second edition. McGraw-Hill Education.

• Taplin, M., "World Systems List," Retrieved January 28, 2019 from http://www.lrta.org/world/worldind.html

• Tawfeek, Mostafa & Gouda, Maged. (2015). BRT versus LRT: A Comprehensive Overview and Ridership Evaluation. http://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.35567.43689

• Tennyson, Edson L. (1989). Impact on Transit Patronage of Cessation or Inauguration of Rail Service. In Research in Bus and Rail Transit Operations. 1221. Transportation Research Record, Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC: National Research Council. Retrieved February 28, 2021 from https://trid.trb.org/view/1181859

• The Center for Neighborhood Technology. (2016, March). Stalled Out: How Empty Parking Spaces Diminish Neighborhood Affordability. Retrieved February 28, 2021 from https://www.cnt.org/publications/stalled-out-how-empty-parking-spaces-diminish-neighborhood-affordability

• The Encyclopedia of Milwaukee, "Native Milwaukee," Retrieved April 9, 2024 from https://emke.uwm.edu/entry/native-milwaukee/

• The Encyclopedia of Milwaukee, "The Milwaukee Electric Railway and Light Company (TMER&L)," Retrieved March 31, 2019 from https://emke.uwm.edu/entry/the-milwaukee-electric-railway-and-light-company-tmerl/

• The Hop MKE (Milwaukee Streetcar), Retrieved February 26, 2021 from https://thehopmke.com

• The Hop. "Statement from The Hop Regarding Ridership," Urban Milwaukee, March 15, 2019, Retrieved March 31, 2019 from https://urbanmilwaukee.com/pressrelease/statement-from-the-hop-regarding-ridership

• The Transit Oriented Development Institute, Retrieved March 31, 2019 from http://www.tod.org/

• Thomas, Destiny (@DrDesThePlanner). (2020, May 13). "#PurpleLining" (Tweet). Twitter. Retrieved March 25, 2021 from https://twitter.com/DrDesThePlanner/status/1260646754875133953

• Thomas, Destiny. "Opinion: Urbanism is Complicit in Infra-Structural Racism--And Reparations Have a Place in the Built Environment," July 27, 2020, Streetsblog USA. Retrieved March 6, 2021 from https://usa.streetsblog.org/2020/07/27/opinion-urbanism-is-complicit-in-infra-structural-racism-and-reparations-have-a-place-in-the-built-environment/

• Transportation for America. (2020). The Congestion Con: How more lanes and more money equals more congestion. Retrieved March 16, 2021 from https://t4america.org/maps-tools/congestion-con/

• Tri-County Metropolitan Transportation District of Oregon, "Hop Fastpass Transit Fare Card for TriMet, C-TRAN and Portland Streetcar," Retrieved March 31, 2019 from https://myhopcard.com

• U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration. (2016). Integrated Corridor Management, Transit, and Mobility on Demand. Retrieved March 16, 2021 from https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/publications/fhwahop16036

• United Nations Population Fund, "Urbanization," Retrieved March 31, 2019 from https://www.unfpa.org/urbanization

• United States Environmental Protection Agency, "Sources of Greenhouse Gas Emissions," Retrieved March 27, 2021 from https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/sources-greenhouse-gas-emissions

• US Department of Transportation. Smart City Challenge: Lessons for Building Cities of the Future. Retrieved October 21, 2018 from https://www.transportation.gov/sites/dot.gov/files/docs/Smart%20City%20Challenge%20Lessons%20Learned.pdf

• USA Facts. (2020). "Monthly public transit ridership is 65% lower than before the pandemic," October 7, 2020, Retrieved March 5, 2021 from https://usafacts.org/articles/covid-public-transit-decline/

• Va, Vutha & Shimizu, Takayuki & Bansal, Gaurav & Heath, Robert. (2016). Millimeter Wave Vehicular Communications: A Survey. Foundations and Trends in Networking. 10. 1-113. https://doi.org/10.1561/1300000054

• Verbavatz V, Barthelemy M. (2019). Critical factors for mitigating car traffic in cities. PLoS ONE 14(7): e0219559. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0219559

• Vision Zero Network, "Vision Zero Network | Making our streets safer," Retrieved March 25, 2021 from https://visionzeronetwork.org/

• VTT, Tieke ry., Nokia Siemens Networks Oy, Sito Oy, Vaisala Oy, Indagon Oy, Siemens Oy. (2011). The Smart Transport Corridor Helsinki-St. Petersburg (FITSRUS). Ministry of Transport and Communications.

• Walk Score, "Living in Milwaukee," Retrieved March 31, 2019 from https://www.walkscore.com/WI/Milwaukee

• Walker, Ian, Alan Tapp, & Adrian Davis. (2022). "Motonormativity: How Social Norms Hide a Major Public Health Hazard." to be published International Journal of Environment and Health https://doi.org/10.31234/osf.io/egnmj

• Walker, Jarrett. (2011). Human Transit: How Clearer Thinking about Public Transit Can Enrich Our Communities and Our Lives. Island Press.

• Walker, Peter. (2023). "The war on motorists: the secret history of a myth as old as cars themselves," The Guardian, September 28, 2023, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2023/sep/28/the-war-on-motorists-the-secret-history-of-a-myth-as-old-as-cars-themselves

• Warburton, Darren E. R., Nicol, Crystal Whitney, & Bredin, Shannon S. D. (2006). Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence. Canadian Medical Association Journal March 14, 2006 174 (6) 801-80. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.051351

• Wasik, John F. (2009). The Cul-de-Sac Syndrome: Turning Around the Unsustainable American Dream. Bloomberg Press.

• Whyte, William Hollingsworth. (1988). City: Rediscovering the Center. Doubleday.

• Wikipedia contributors. (2021, February 22). List of tram and light rail transit systems. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 00:40, February 28, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tram_and_light_rail_transit_systems

• Wilbur, M., Ayman, A., Sivagnanam, A., Ouyang, A., Poon, V., Kabir, R., Vadali, A., Pugliese, P., Freudberg, D., Laszka, A., & Dubey, A. (2023). Impact of COVID-19 on Public Transit Accessibility and Ridership. Transportation Research Record, 2677(4), 531–546. https://doi.org/10.1177/03611981231160531

• Witkowski, Terry L., City of Milwaukee alderman. "But the Streetcar COULD Serve Most of Milwaukee," Retrieved October 21, 2018 from https://city.milwaukee.gov/commoncouncil/District13/But-the-Streetcar-COULD- Serve-.htm#.W744iGhKg-U

• Woldeamanuel, Mintesnot G. (2016). Concepts in Urban Transportation Planning: The Quest for Mobility, Sustainability and Quality of Life. McFarland & Company, Inc.

• Xin, Mengwei, Amer Shalaby, Shumin Feng, and Hu Zhao. (2021). Impacts of COVID-19 on urban rail transit ridership using the Synthetic Control Method, Transport Policy, Volume 111, 2021, Pages 1-16, ISSN 0967-070X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranpol.2021.07.006

• Yu, Jie & Xiao-guang Yang. (2006). Estimating a Transit Route OD Matrix from On-Off Data through an Artificial Neural Network Method in Applications of Advanced Technology in Transportation. Ninth International Conference on Applications of Advanced Technology in Transportation (AATT). https://doi.org/10.1061/40799(213)74

• Yu, Jie, Sung-yoon Park, & Gang-Len Chang. (2010). Advanced Traveler Information System for Guiding Route Choice to Ocean City, Maryland. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2189. 56-67. https://doi.org/10.3141/2189-07

• Zhou, Chunjie & Dai, Pengfei & Wang, Fusheng & Zhang, Zhenxing. (2015). Predicting the passenger demand on bus services for mobile users. Pervasive and Mobile Computing. 25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmcj.2015.10.003

• Ziedan, A., Brakewood, C., & Watkins, K. (2023). Will transit recover? A retrospective study of nationwide ridership in the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of public transportation, 25, 100046. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubtr.2023.100046

• Zimmerman, Sam & Dahdah, Said & Wang, Wei. (2012). Integrated Corridor Management for Urban Transport. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board. 2278. 125-133. https://doi.org/10.3141/2278-14

• Zivarts, Anna Letitia. (2024). When Driving is Not an Option: Steering Away From Car Dependency. Island Press.